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sir plz give me the explanation about stephen's reaction
Stephen's reaction or Stephen Aldehyde Synthesis:
The Stephen's reaction is used to prepare aldehydes from nitriles or cyanides. The reduction of nitriles with stannous chloride and hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate solvent produces imine intermediate. The hydrolysis of this intermediate with water gives the corresponding aldehyde.
SnCl2 H2O
R-CN -----------------> [R-CH=NH2+ ][Cl-] ---------> R-CHO
HCl
Example :
Methyl cyanide to acetaldehyde preparation by stephen’s reaction is as follows:
CH3CN + 2[H] ---(SnCl2/HCl)----------> CH3-CH-NH ---(H2O)----> CH3CHO + NH3
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