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Though Cl causes net deactivation of benzene ring due to its -I effect, yet Cl gives substitution at ortho and para positions. Why?
ortho / para– deactivating groups The inductive electron withdrawing effect of halogens reduces the p–electron density of the substrate and so rate of reaction at all positions is slower than with benzene. However, once formed, the Wheland intermediates resulting from ortho– or para– attack are stabilised by mesomeric electron donation of a lone pair from the halogen.
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regards
Ramesh
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