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LPG and CNG (Petroleum Gases)
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG):- the petroleum gas liquefied under pressure is called liquefied petroleum gas. It is chiefly a mixture of butane and isobutene and s easily compressed under pressure as liquid and stored in iron cylinders. It is supplied in liquid for so that cylinder of even small volume may contain an appreciable amount of the gas. A domestic gas cylinder contains about 14kg of LPG. A strong foul smelling substance called ethyl mercaptan (C2H5SH) is added to LPG cylinders to help in the detection of gas leakage. The gas used for domestic cooking is called Liquefied Petroleum Gas. It is mainly used as pollution free household neat and clean good fuel because the combustion of butane and isobutene is complete. It has high calorific value. The major sources of LPG are natural gas and from refining and cracking of petroleum.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG):- the natural gas compressed at very high pressure is called compressed natural gas. It consists mainly of methan which is relatively unreactive hydrocarbon and makes it nearly complete combustin ossible. The other 5% is made up of various gases such as ethan, propane and butane including small hydrogen sulphide and water vapours, etc.because of the compressed natural gas state or in a liquiefied natural than gasoline for running buses, cars and three wheelers in complete combustion and no unburnt carbon is being released into the atmosphere to cause air pollution. Recently a plant for LNG has been established in Gujrat. CNG or LNG are very clean fuels which cause very little pollution and also have very high calorific value. Natural gas has octane rating of 130.
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