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IUPAC System of Nomenclature of Complex Compounds
In IUPAC system, it is believed that all organic compounds are the derivatives of normal saturated hydrocarbons. The normal saturated hydrocarbons are, thus, the parent compounds. The branched chain hydrocarbons and the compounds of various homologous series are formed by the replacement of hydrogen atoms by various substituent or functional groups. Thus the naming of any organic compound depends on the name of the normal parent hydrocarbon from which it has been derived. IUPAC system has framed a set of rule for various types of organic compounds.
Rule of naming complex aliphatic compounds when no functional group is present.
Longest chain rule. The first step in naming an organic compound is to select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms which may or may not be horizontal. This continuous chain is called parent chain or main chain and other carbon chains attached to it are known as side chains. On the basis of number of carbon atoms present in the parent chain, the parent normal hydrocarbon is named. The groups attached to this chain are identified and named accordingly.
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