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what is the method to find kind of hybridisation in a compound in easy way
There are certain tricks to effectively find the hybridization in a compound
1.No. of Hybridized orbitals = ( (No. of Valence Electrons in the central atom + No. of monovalet atoms surrounding the central alom (like H,F,Cl) - Charge of the species) )/2
Eg. NH4+
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No. of Valence Electrons in the central atom = 5
No. of monovalet atoms surrounding the central alom = 4
Charge of the species = +1
No. of hybridized orbital = ((5+4)-1)/2 = 4 (SP3)
This method works effectively for all compouns except the ones having single electrons loke NO2
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For this Purpose an another commonly used trick is
No. of Hybridized orbitals = No. of Atoms (surrounding the central atom) + No. of sigma bonds (excluding the dative bond) + No of lone pairs
Eg. NO2
No. of Atoms = 2 (two O)
No. of Sigma Bonds= 1
No of lone pairs = 0
No. of Hybridized orbitals = 3 (sp2)
or
No. of Hybridized orbitals = No. of sigma bond + No. of dative bond + No of lone pairs + No of single electrons
no. of lone pairs+no. of bond pairs
e.g BeCl2 no.of lone pairs=0 no of bond pairs=2 therefore 2+0=2
therefore sp hybridisation
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