how to find whether a group attached to benzene ring is para directing or meta directing?

Dear Vishnu suresh babu,

If a group is an Electron Donating Group(EDG) then it is Ortho-para directing in nature when attached to a benzene ring...there also is an exception to this which are the Halogens(-I,-Br,-F,-Cl) which are Electron Withdrawing Groups(EWG) but Ortho-Para Directing in nature !!!

 If a group is an Electron Withdrawing group(EWG) then it is meta-directing in nature(usually)....!!!

Here are some examples of Ortho-Para Directing & Meta Directing Groups...

Ortho-Para Directing Groups :

Alcohols(-OH), Ethers(-OR), -X(Halogens) etc...

Meta-Directing Groups :

-NO₂(Nitro) ,-SO₃H(Sulphonyl) ,Carbonyl Groups ,Esters(-COOR),Carboxylic Acids(-COOH) etc...

Hope this helped you immensely dear...

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