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Dear Vishnu suresh babu,
If a group is an Electron Donating Group(EDG) then it is Ortho-para directing in nature when attached to a benzene ring...there also is an exception to this which are the Halogens(-I,-Br,-F,-Cl) which are Electron Withdrawing Groups(EWG) but Ortho-Para Directing in nature !!!
If a group is an Electron Withdrawing group(EWG) then it is meta-directing in nature(usually)....!!!
Here are some examples of Ortho-Para Directing & Meta Directing Groups...
Ortho-Para Directing Groups :
Alcohols(-OH), Ethers(-OR), -X(Halogens) etc...
Meta-Directing Groups :
-NO2(Nitro) ,-SO3H(Sulphonyl) ,Carbonyl Groups ,Esters(-COOR),Carboxylic Acids(-COOH) etc...
Hope this helped you immensely dear...
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