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how to find whethera group attached to benzene ring is ortho para or mea directing?
An Electron Donating Group(EDG) is Ortho-para directing in nature when attached to a benzene ring. . Electron Withdrawing Groups(EWG) are meta-directing in nature.
Halogens(-I,-Br,-F,-Cl) as EDG are exception because they have strong inductive effect. so overall deactivatig.
e.g,
Ortho-Para Directing Groups :
Alcohols(-OH), Ethers(-OR), -X(Halogens) , NH2 etc
Meta-Directing Groups :
-NO2(Nitro) ,-SO3H(Sulphonyl) ,Carbonyl Groups ,Esters(-COOR),Carboxylic Acids(-COOH) etc
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