Dear student,
Decarboxylation is one of the oldest organic reactions, since it often entails simple pyrolysis,  and volatile products distill from the reactor. Heating is required  because the reaction is endergonic (unfavorable). Yields are highly  sensitive to conditions. In retrosynthesis, decarboxylation reactions can be considered the opposite of homologation reactions, in that the chain length becomes one carbon shorter. Metals, especially copper compounds,  are usually required. Such reactions proceed via the intermediacy of metal carboxylate complexes.
Decarboxylation of aryl carboxylates can generate the equivalent of the corresponding aryl anion, which in turn can undergo cross coupling reactions.
 


























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