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Dear student,

The more powerful and the more the number of such substituents and the closer they are to the carboxyl group, the greater is the inductive effect.

The FCH₂COOH > ClCH₂COOH > Br CH₂COOH > ICH₂COOH > CH₂COOH.

The electronegativity and thus the electron withdrawing power of the halogen substituent and thus the strength of the acid decreases in the given order.

CH₃CCOOH > Cl₂CHCOOH > ClCH₂COOH > CH₃COOH

The number of electron withdrawing chloro group and thus the acid strength decreases in this order.

CH₃CH₂CH(Cl)COOH > CH₃CHCl CH₂ COOH > ClCH₂CH₂CH₂COOH > CH₃CH₂CH₂ COOH

The inductive effect decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the carboxylic group and so does the acid strength.

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All the best.

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