what is bosons?

fundamental particles in nature can be divided into one of two categories,FermionsorBosons.
Bosons integral spin Many can occupy the same state Examples:
photons,4He atoms, gluons

Bosons have intrinsic angular momenta in integral units ofh/(2p). For instance the spin of a photon is either +1 or -1 and the spin of a4He atom is always zero. Many bosons can occupy a single quantum state. This allows them to behave collectively and is responsible for the behavior of lasers and superfluid helium. Only one fermion can exist in a given quantum state. This is known as the Pauli exclusion principle which is the subject of the next page.

Any object which is comprised of an even number of fermions is a boson. For example, a proton is made of three quarks, hence it is a fermion. A4He atom is made of 2 protons, 2 neutrons and 2 electrons, hence it is a boson.