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Explain Compton effect on the basis of quantum theory Why Compton effect is observed in light elements ? Explain Compton effect on the basis of quantum theory Why Compton effect is observed in light elements ?
Compton Effect :When a beam of monochromatic X-ray, is scattered by a scattering material (like graphite), the scattered radiation contains two components of X-rays. One of the components having the same wavelength as that of the incident beam called as Primary or Unmodified component denoted by λi or λ and the other component having a longer wavelength than that of the incident x-rays is called as Secondary or Modified Component λf or λ’. This phenomenon of change in wavelength due to scattering is known as Compton Effect. The change in the wavelength (difference) ∆λ= λ’ - λ is called the Compton shift. In Compton scattering , the scattered radiation consists of two component wavelengths namely the modified and unmodified wavelength.The Unmodified component (Wavelength) arises when photons are scattered by tightly bound electrons . In this case , the whole atom of scattering substance is involved in the collision and hence the value of mass of electron (m0 ) in the equationis to be replaced by the mass of the atom ( M). Since the mass of the atom is many times larger than that of an electron , the Compton shift is negligible and correspondingly there is no change in wavelength.i.e. Compton Effect :When a beam of monochromatic X-ray, is scattered by a scattering material (like graphite), the scattered radiation contains two components of X-rays. One of the components having the same wavelength as that of the incident beam called as Primary or Unmodified component denoted by λi or λ and the other component having a longer wavelength than that of the incident x-rays is called as Secondary or Modified Component λf or λ’. This phenomenon of change in wavelength due to scattering is known as Compton Effect. The change in the wavelength (difference) ∆λ= λ’ - λ is called the Compton shift. In Compton scattering , the scattered radiation consists of two component wavelengths namely the modified and unmodified wavelength.The Unmodified component (Wavelength) arises when photons are scattered by tightly bound electrons . In this case , the whole atom of scattering substance is involved in the collision and hence the value of mass of electron (m0 ) in the equation ∆λ = h (1-cos θ) M cAs M>> m0∆λ = λf - λi = 0 λf = λi i.e. Unmodified componentHence the intensity of unmodified component is large. In case of higher atomic number elements (Heavy elements), number of tightly bound electrons are more and hence Unmodified component is stronger (intense) in Higher atomic number elements.The modified wavelength arises due to the collision of X-ray photon with either free or loosely bound electrons. For high energy photons , most of the atomic electrons appear free and hence large fraction of incident X-rays undergoes a wavelength shift. Therefore in case of low atomic number elements (Light elements) the modified component will be more intense.
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