Dear student,

Platinum and Pd show a significant difference in work function on SiO₂ and high-K materials (HfO₂). The effective metal work functions for Pd, Pt, and Re on atomic layer deposited HfO₂, which are different from the vacuum work function and important for device threshold voltage control, are measured by the C-V method. The difference is attributed to the dipoles at the metal/HfO₂ interface, which is a result of charge transfer across the interface. Moreover, the extracted charge neutrality level and screening parameter are correlated with the phase development, film stoichiometry, and density of interface states at the metal/high-K interface.

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