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Which of the following objects has the largest momentum? (A) A bullet fired from a rifle (B) A football quarterback running at top speed (C) A horse walking at about 2 mileslhour (D) An elephant standing still Which of the following objects has the largest momentum?(A) A bullet fired from a rifle(B) A football quarterback running at top speed(C) A horse walking at about 2 mileslhour(D) An elephant standing still
The correct option is (C).Momentum (p) of an object is equal to the mass of the object (m) time’s speed of the object (v).So, p = mv …… (1)a) Let us consider the average mass of a bullet is 0.2 kg (m = 0.2 kg) and the average speed of bullet is 400 m/s (v = 400 m/s).Using equation (1), the momentum of the bullet will be,p = mv = (0.2 kg) (400 m/s) = 80 kg. m/s …… (2) From equation (2) we observed that, the average momentum of the bullet will be 80 kg. m/s.b) Let us consider the average mass of a football is 0.5 kg (m = 0.5 kg) and the top speed of football is 30 m/s (v = 30 m/s).Using equation (1), the momentum of the football will be,p = mv = (0.5 kg) (30 m/s) = 15 kg. m/s …… (3) From equation (3) we observed that, the momentum of the football will be 11 kg. m/s.c) Let us consider the average mass of a horse is 500 kg (m = 500 kg). The given speed of horse is 0.9 m/s (v = 2 miles/hour).Using equation (1), the momentum of the horse will be,p = mv = (500 kg) (0.9 m/s) = 450 kg. m/s …… (4) From equation (4) we observed that, the average momentum of the horse will be 450 kg. m/s.d) Since the elephant is still standing, therefore, the speed of the elephant would be zero (v=0). Using equation (1), the momentum of the elephant would be zero.From the above observation we conclude that, a horse walking at about 2 miles/hour has the largest momentum. Thus option (C) is correct.
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