,kindly help me in this pulley question.

the answer given to be is the 1^st one

Let's dive into the concept of pulleys and how they work. Pulleys are simple machines that help lift or move loads with less effort. They consist of a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change the direction of force. Understanding how pulleys function can be quite beneficial, especially in physics and engineering contexts.

Types of Pulleys

Pulleys can be categorized into different types based on their configuration and usage:

• Fixed Pulley: This type is anchored in a position and does not move with the load. It changes the direction of the force applied, making it easier to lift an object vertically.
• Movable Pulley: This pulley moves with the load. It reduces the amount of force needed to lift an object, effectively halving the effort required.
• Compound Pulley: This system combines fixed and movable pulleys to further reduce the effort needed to lift heavy loads. It is often referred to as a block and tackle.

How Pulleys Work

The fundamental principle behind pulleys is the mechanical advantage they provide. Mechanical advantage is the ratio of the output force exerted by the machine to the input force applied to it. In simpler terms, it allows you to lift heavier objects with less force.

Calculating Mechanical Advantage

To calculate the mechanical advantage of a pulley system, you can use the following formula:

Mechanical Advantage (MA) = Load Force / Effort Force

For example, if you have a movable pulley lifting a 100 kg load, and it requires only 50 kg of force to lift it, the mechanical advantage would be:

MA = 100 kg / 50 kg = 2

This means you can lift the load with half the effort you would normally need without the pulley.

Applications of Pulleys

Pulleys are widely used in various applications, including:

• Construction sites for lifting heavy materials.
• Elevators to move people and goods between floors.
• Flagpoles to raise and lower flags easily.

Real-World Example

Imagine you are trying to lift a heavy box straight up. Without a pulley, you would need to exert a force equal to the weight of the box. However, if you use a fixed pulley, you can pull down on the rope, which allows you to lift the box up with less effort. If you add a movable pulley into the mix, you can lift the box even more easily, as the system distributes the weight and reduces the force needed.

In summary, pulleys are essential tools that simplify the process of lifting and moving heavy objects. By understanding their types, mechanical advantage, and applications, you can appreciate how they play a crucial role in everyday tasks and engineering solutions.