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In an article "Energy and the Automobile," which appeared in the October 1980 issue of The Physics Teacher (p. 494), the author (Gene Waring) states: "It is interesting to note that all the fuel input energy is eventually transformed to thermal energy and strung out along the car's path." Analyze the various mechanisms by which this might come about. Consider, for example, road friction, air resistance, braking, the car radio, the head- lamps, the battery, internal engine and drive train losses, the horn, and so on. Assume a straight and level roadway.
The input energy which comes from fuel is transformed to the thermal energy and strung out along the car’s path. When a wagon accelerates forward in a straight and level road way, static friction from the ground exerts the torques that spins its wheels. As you near your destination, you begin thinking about the car’s brakes. When you stop the car by applying brakes, by rubbing stationary brake against spinning metal discs, then the sliding friction can transform the mechanical energy to thermal energy. The mechanical energy also used in the cars motion against the air resistance. The input fuel energy is used by the car radio and horn in the form of sound energy, head lamp in the form of light energy, battery in the form of chemical energy and the rest part of the input fuel energy converted to the internal engine and drive train losses.
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