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An energetic emitted from the Sun has a total energy in excess of 100 GeV. As measured from the Earth, how much time elapses from when the proton leaves the Sun to when it strikes the Earth? (A) ≈ 6 s (B) ≈ 1 min (C) ≈ 9 min (D) ≈ 20 min (E) The question cannot be answered without more knowledge of the proton’s energy
The correct option is (B).The frequency of the damped oscillator is,wʹ = √k/m – (b/2m)2The greater is the damping constant b, the more quickly the amplitude of the oscillation dies out. When damping is present, the oscillation frequency is smaller (the period is larger). That is, damping slows down the motion, as we might expect. In this case, wʹ is slightly less than w, but in most cases of interest the damping is sufficiently weak that wʹ = w. Thus a driven damped oscillator will, after all transient motion has died out; oscillate at the frequency of the damped but free oscillator. Therefore option (B) is correct.
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