What is inert pair effect?Can you explain by giving examples some examples.?

							
The inert pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic s-orbital to remain unshared in compounds of post-transition metals. The term inert pair effect is often used in relation to the increasing stability of oxidation states that are two less than the group valency for the heavier elements of groups 13, 14, 15 and 16. The term "inert pair" was first proposed by Nevil Sidgwick in 1927. The name suggests that the outermost s electrons are more tightly bound to the nucleus in these atoms, and therefore more difficult to ionize or share.
						

							
Dear student Some examples are the p-block elements of the 4th, 5th and 6th period come after d-block elements, but the electrons present in the intervening d- (and f-) orbitals do not effectively shield the s-electrons of the valence shell. As a result, the inert pair of ns electrons remains more tightly held by the nucleus and hence participates less in bond formation.
						

							
it is due to very large size of atoms
The inert pair effect is defined as the tendency of electrons in the outermost atomic s orbital to remain unionized in compounds of post-transition metals [1]. For simplicity, let's summarize it as the tendency of heavier atoms to form ions with a difference in charge of two