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Electron affinity or electron gain enthalpy depends on:
1. Atomic size: If the atomic size is small, then there will be greater electron gain enthalpy because the effective nuclear forces will be greater in the smaller atoms and the electrons will be held firmly.
2. Nuclear charge: The greater the nuclear charge more will be the value for electron gain enthalpy because increase in nuclear charge will increase the effective nuclear force on valence electrons.
In a period, as we move from left to right the atomic size decreases due to the increase in the nuclear force hence the electron gain enthalpy increases. Whereas while moving down a group in the periodic table, the atomic size increases thereby causing a decrease in the value of electron gain enthalpy.
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Arun (askIITians forum expert)
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