Unfortunately, there is no formula to calculate the number of structural isomers of an alkane. This is mainly due to the fact that with a certain number of carbons, they can branch out (although most are unstable and do not actually exist).
I know for the first 10 Alkanes:
Methane: 1
Ethane: 1
Propane: 1
Butane: 2
Pentane: 3
Hexane: 5
Heptane: 9
Octane: 18
Nonane: 35
Decane: 75