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If atomic dipole and bond dipole is same? As in case of NH3 dipole moment is greater than NF3

If atomic dipole and bond dipole is same? As in case of NH3 dipole moment is greater than NF3

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Grade:12th pass

2 Answers

Arun
25750 Points
6 years ago
Dear student

Bond dipole relates to separation of electronic charge betweeen two atoms bonded together. If they are identical then there is no separation of charge - the electron cloud is "evenly shared" between the two atoms. In such a case there is no dipole. If, however, one atoms is very electronegative, and the other one isn't, then the electronegative atom tends to "pull" electron cloud density towards itself, accumulating a partial negative charge, and the other atom receives an unevenly low share of electron density, and a partial positive charge. This bond is then said to have a bond dipole.
Classic examples of bond dipoles are those containing the most electronegative elements, oxygen, nitrogen and halogens (H-Cl, the -OH group, -NH group).
Dipole moment is the product of the separation of the ends of a dipole and the size of the partial charges. The units are "coulomb-metre" but because bond dipole moments are generally small, they are generally measured in debye units (D). 1 debye relates to an electron and a proton separated by 0.208 Angstroms. Alternatively 1 coulomb metre is 2.9979 × 1029 debye.

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Arun (askIITians forum expert)
DINESHKUMAR G
48 Points
6 years ago
Dipole moment of NH3 is higher than NF3 molecule.Both the molecules have pyramidal shape with a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom. There is a greater difference in electronegativity between nitrogen and hydrogen than there is between nitrogen and fluorine. the bond dipoles oppose the effect of the lone pair.
The dipole moment of NH3 is higher in comparison to NF3. The F i.e. fluorine is more electronegativethan N and pulls the electrons . As the number NFbonds is 3 , the 3 F atoms pull the electrons. The resulting electronegative forces decrease the dipole moment.
NH₃ is a polar molecule. The H is at the positive end. The N atom is at the negative end because it is more electronegative than H and because it has at a lone pair of electrons. ... The dipole-dipole interaction in NH₃ is so strong that it has a special name — a hydrogen bond
 

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