How do calculate formal charge in a molecule? In detail please.

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Jayant Kishore · Answer

In case of of the polyatomic ions , the net charge is possessed by an ion as a whole and not by a partcular atom. However for some purposes each atom in a polyatomic molecule/ion is assigned a formal charge. It is basically the difference betwwen the number of valence elctrons in an isolated atom and the no. of electrons assigned to that atom in a Lewis Structure. Formal Charge = Total no of valence electrons in free atom – total no. of non bonding (lone pair) electrons -1/2 total no of bonding (shared ) electrons. The most stable structure of a molecule is thee one which has smallest formal charges on the atoms. For example for CS 2 ie S=C=S F.C. on each S atom = valence e - – lone pair e - -1/2 bonding e - = 6 - 4 -1/2 X4 =0 F.C. on C atom = valence e - – lone pair e - -1/2 bonding e - = 4-0-1/2 X8 =0

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How do calculate formal charge in a molecule? In detail please.

How do calculate formal charge in a molecule? In detail please.

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