Describe how the following changes are brought about: (i) Pig iron into steel. (ii) Zinc oxide into metallic zinc. (iii) Impure titanium into pure titanium.

1.Pig iron into steel: Pig iron is converted to cast iron by heating molten pig iron with scrap iron and coke using hot air blast in specially designed furnaces. Cast iron is used in the manufacture of steel by mixing it with other metals. 2.Zinc oxide into metallic zinc: Zinc oxide is converted to metallic zinc by reacting it with coke at 673 K.3. Impure titanium into pure titanium: The crude titanium is heated in an evacuated vessel with iodine. The metal iodide being more covalent volatilizes.

1. Pig iron into steel: Pig iron is converted to cast iron by heating molten pig iron with scrap iron and coke using hot air blast in specially designed furnaces. Cast iron is used in the manufacture of steel by mixing it with other metals. 2. Zinc oxide into metallic zinc: Zinc oxide is converted to metallic zinc by reacting it with coke at 673 K.3. Impure titanium into pure titanium: The crude titanium is heated in an evacuated vessel with iodine. The metal iodide being more covalent volatilizes.