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Preparation ,test,methods to collect and uses of nitrogen
LABORATORY PREPARATION OF NITROGEN
Apparatus – delivery tubes, furnace, beaker, trough, Bunsen burner, 2 wash bottlesChemicals – Air, water, sodium hydroxideProcedureEither:Nitrogen is prepared from the air by removing oxygen and carbon dioxide. Water is used to push air through sodium hydroxide solution (caustic soda solution) which removes carbon dioxide.
2NaOH(aq)+ CO2(g)Na2CO3+ H2O(i)
The remaining gas is passed over heated copper turnings to remove Oxygen.
2Cu(s)+ O2(g)2 CuO(s)
Nitrogen is collected over water as it is insoluble in water.
OR:Nitrogen can also be prepared by b heating a mixture of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite.
NaNO2(s)+ NH4Cl(s)NH4NO2(s)+ NaCl(s)
Nitrogen is formed by decomposition of ammonium nitrite
NH4NO2(sN2(g)+ 2H2O(i)
INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION (LARGE SCALE)
Industrially, Nitrogen is prepared by fractional distillation; Oxygen is obtained at the same time. Air is purified by removing gas from it.Then carbondioxide is removed and lastly water vapour. The remaining air is removed and compressed. The liquidified air is allowed to evaporate. Because Nitrogen has a lower boiling point, it evaporates first leaving liquid oxygen.
PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN
Physical
it is colourless gas without smell
it is a reactive gas
it does not burn / doesn’t support combustion
it is neither acidic nor basic
Chemical properties
Nitrogen is inert unlike Oxygen, it reacts under special conditions for example
It reacts with some metals at very high temperatures forming nitrides e.g. Calcium and magnesium.
3Mg(s)+ N2(g)MgN2(s)
3Ca + N2(g)Ca3N2(s)
It reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia (Haber’s process)
N2(g)+ 3H2(g)2NH3(g)
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