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explain thory in detail.

explain thory in detail.

Grade:12th Pass

1 Answers

Aman Bansal
592 Points
12 years ago

 

Dear Radhakrishna,

Principles of Molecular Orbital Theory 

 PrincipleDetails/Examples
1

total number of molecular orbits is equal to the total number of atomic orbitals from combining atoms

 

The molecule His composed of two H atoms. Both H atoms have a 1s orbital, so when bonded together, there are therefore two molecular orbitals.  

 

2

Bonding molecular orbitals have less energythan the constituent atomic orbitals before bonding

Antibonding molecular orbitals have more energy than the constituent atomic orbitals before bonding.  

 

Bonding molecular orbitals help stabilize a system of atoms since less energy is associated with bonded atoms as opposed to a system of unbound atoms.

Likewise, antibonding molecular orbitals cause a system to be unstabilized since more energy is associated with bonded atoms than that of a system of unbound atoms.

3

Following both the Pauli exclusion principle and Hunds rule, electrons fill in orbitals of increasing energy.

 

 Electrons fill orbitals with the lowest energy first. No more than 2 electrons can occupy 1 molecular orbital at a time. Furthermore, all orbitals at an energy level must be filled with one electron before they can be paired.  (see second diagram below)
4

Atomic orbitals are best formed when composed of atomic orbitals of like energies.

 

Molecular Orbital Configuration of Li2:

(s1s)2(s*1s)2(s2s)2

The bonding (s1s)2 and antibonding (s*1s)2 cancel each other out, leaving (s2s)2 as the valence electrons involved in the atoms bonding. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Best Of luck

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Thanks

Aman Bansal

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