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how to predict a geometry for a atom in a molecule
Dear student,
The VSEPR theory, proposed by R.J.Gillespie and R.S. Nyholmm in 1957, is based on the repulsions between the electron-pairs in the valence-shell of the atoms in the molecule. It was developed to predict the shapes of the molecules in which the atoms are bonded together with single bonds only.
The main postulates of VSEPR theory are:
Lone pair - Lone pair > Lone pair - Shared pair > Shared pair - Shared pair.
To use this theory for predicting the shapes of molecules, the number of electron pairs (both, shared and lone pairs) is simply counted. This is illustrated by taking a typical molecule of the type ABn. 'A' is the central atom, 'B' atoms are bonded to 'A' by single covalent bonds (single electron pair bonds), and 'n' is the number of 'B' atoms bonded to one atom of 'A'.
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