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please tell the preparationof sodium carbonate in solvay process with diagram equatins understanding easily.plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

please tell the preparationof sodium carbonate in solvay process with diagram equatins understanding easily.plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

Grade:11

1 Answers

SAGAR SINGH - IIT DELHI
878 Points
13 years ago

Dear student,
Chemistry of Solvay tower
  
CO2 reacts with ammonia to form ammonium carbonate.
2NH3 + CO2 + H2O è(NH4)2CO3
Ammonium carbonate further reacts with CO2 to form ammonium bicarbonate.
(NH4)2CO3 + CO2 + H2O è2NH4HCO3 (aq.)
Ammonium bicarbonate then react with NaCl to form sodium bicarbonate.
NH4HCO3 + NaCl èNaHCO3 + NH4Cl
Due to exothermic nature of above reactions, solubility of NaHCO3 increases. To counter this effect , lower part of Solvay tower is cooled , ppt of NaHCO3 are separated by vacuum filtration and washed to remove ammonium salts.
Conversion of NaHCO3 to Na2 CO3
 
Dry sodium bicarbonate is heated in rotary furnace called "CALCINER" to give anhydrous sodium carbonate or soda ash. Carbon dioxide is recirculated to carbonation tower.
2NaHCO3 èNa2 CO3 + CO2 + H2 O
Ammonia recovery process
  
When CaCO3 is heated, CaO is obtained along with CO2 . CaO is treated with water to form Ca(OH)2 .
CaO + H2 O èCa(OH)2
Quick lime is heated with NH4 Cl to form NH3 and calcium chloride (by product) . Ammonia is used again in this process.
2NH4 Cl + Ca(OH)2 èCaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2 O

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