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the atomic radius of Mg is smaller than Na
becoz as we move along a period from left to right there is an addition of extra electron in the shell of an atom, which increses the effective nuclear charge of the atom
increase in nuclear charge of atom means attraction of electrons towards the nucleus and hence the size of the atom decreases
Mg with 2 electrons in its outermost shell has got higher nuclear charge than Na with only 1 electron in its outermost shell
therefore atomic radius of Mg is smaller than Na
Mg has got higher nuclear charge effect than Na
due to which the force of attraction of electrons in Mg towards the nucleus increases which results in the contraction of the size of the Mg atom whereas Na has got only 1 electron in its outermost shell and experience less attractive force
therefore Mg is smaller than Na
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