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SIR,PLEASE EXPLAIN HOW HARD WATER CAN BE SOFTENED BY USING SYNTHETIC RESINS?
Dear student,
Water softeners operate on the principle of ion exchange. A synthetic resin (zeolite) bed is charged with sodium ions by regeneration with salt (sodium chloride). Hard water, containing calcium and magnesium ions, flows through the resin. Ion exchange occurs when the calcium and magnesium ions attach themselves to the resin, displacing the sodium ions. The resultant water is softened, being free from calcium and magnesium, but the sodium content is increased. Usually, the sodium increase will be approximately 50 mg/L sodium per 100 mg/L of hardness.
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