Why electron are used in the production of electricity
Nadiya majeed , 6 Years ago
Grade 10
General Physics> Why electron are used in the production o...
1 Answers
Arun
Last Activity: 6 Years ago
Electricity is simply the flow of electrons. The energy associated with their movement can be used to power appliances, lights, cars, etc. Think of water flowing downstream trough a watermill. Because the water upstream is at a higher elevation and thus has the 'potential' to move to lower altitude, we say it has potential energy. When the water moves downstream it trades its potential energy for kinetic energy, the energy of motion. We can harness this kinetic energy by putting some form of resistance in the current. For instance, as the water collides with the fins of a turbine, the water slows down as some of its energy is imparted to the turbine, causing it to turn. This is a good way to understand electric current. Water upstream is said to have gravitational potential energy, because its potential energy is associated with its relative position to the Earth, which exerts a gravitational force that could cause the water to move. Electrons at the negative node of a battery are said to have electric potential energy, as they feel an attractive electric force from the positive node (also a repulsive electric force from other electrons at the negative node) that could cause them to move. Keep in mind that electrons are much, much smaller than protons, but their charges are equal and opposite. This means that the electric force experienced between a proton and electron will move the electron considerably, while affecting the proton much less. When you jump off a diving board, you fall to Earth, while the Earth, being much more massive, moves such an infinitesimally small distance toward you that it is essentially 0. Also electrons are free to move around, while protons are bound in the nucleus. For these reasons, electric current is the flow of electrons, not protons, and when we build up electric charge we do this by relocating electrons. Perhaps the simplest way to harness the energy from electricity is through a light bulb. Conducting wires allow electrons to flow through them due to the nature of metallic bonds. As the electrons flow through the metal, however, they encounter resistance as they collide with the positively charged nuclei of the metal atoms. Much like water is diverted by rocks jutting up from the riverbed, electrons are diverted by nuclei. These collisions give off heat. It's what causes your speakers to blow if you have them up too loud. It's the reason your computer overheats. It's also how the heating elements in your electric stove work. The heating coils have a very high resistance, and when a large current is passed through them it causes them to heat up, sometimes glowing bright red. Light bulbs use this property to produce light. Electric current can be used in many different ways to power different things. For instance, a speaker uses interactions between electricity and magnetism to produce sound. The semi-conductivity of silicon in computer chips allows for us to control whether current flows through a particular transistor based on the voltage applied across it. The movement of electrons is used in many different ways, but in general we refer to the use of electric current as electricity.
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