why does electromagnetic induction actually occur?

Dear student

It all boils down to theLorentz forceF =q(E +v ×B ). If you move into a frame of reference where the section of the loop is momentarily stationary, then you can do a Lorentz transformation to find out whatE is in that frame. In that frame,v=0 of course, so the second term is zero, butE will now be non-zero, and, in fact, equal to v×B. In this frame, the force on the charges is purely electrical in nature, i.e., due to an electric field, and this is why you can define an EMF analogously to electric potential. But because wires are usually loops and each segment of the loop has it's own reference frame, there's no way to do this everywhere (globally).


Regards