Biology (from Greek ß??????? - ß???, bios, "life"; -?????, -logos, study of) is the science that studies living organisms. Prior to the nineteenth century, biology came under the general study of all natural objects called natural history.
Traditionally, the specialized disciplines of biology are grouped by the type of organism being studied: botany, the study of plants; zoology, the study of animals; and microbiology, the study of microorganisms. These fields are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the fundamental chemistry of life, molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules, cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interrelate with their environment.
Branches of Biology
These are the branches of biology
Agriculture - study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications
Anatomy - the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans
Astrobiology- the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. Also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy.
Biochemistry - the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
Bioengineering - the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology.
Bioinformatics - also classified as a branch of information technology (IT) it is the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
Biomathematics or Mathematical Biology - the study of biological processes through mathematics, with an emphasis on modeling.
Biomechanics - often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through artificial limbs, etc.
Biomedical research - the study of the human body in health and disease
Biophysics - the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences
Biotechnology - a new and sometimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification
Botany - the study of plants
Cell Biology - the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell.
Conservation Biology - the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife
Cryobiology - the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings.
Developmental biology - (Embryology) the study of the processes through which an organism develops, from zygote to full structure.
Ecology - the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment.
Entomology - the study of insects
Environmental Biology - the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity
Epidemiology - a major component of public health research, it is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations
Ethology - the study of animal behavior.
Evolution or Evolutionary Biology - the study of the origin and decent of species over time
Genetics - the study of genes and heredity.
Herpetology - the study of reptiles and amphibians
Histology - the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy.
Ichthyology - the study of fish
Integrative biology - the study of whole organisms
Mammalogy - the study of mammals
Marine Biology - the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings.
Microbiology - the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things
Molecular Biology - the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry
Mycology - the study of fungi
Neurobiology - the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology, even pathology
Oceanography - the study of the ocean, including ocean life, environment, geography, weather, and other aspects influencing the ocean.
Ornithology - the study of birds
Population ecology - the study of populations of organisms, including how they increase and go extinct
Population genetics - the study of changes in gene frequencies in populations of organisms
Paleontology - the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life
Pathobiology or pathology - the study of diseases, and the
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Rinkoo Gupta
AskIITians Faculty