Explain briefly, with the help of circuit diagram, how V - I characteristics of a p-n junction diode are obtained ii (i) forward bias, and (ii) reverse bias. Draw the shape of the curves obtained ?

V-I Characteristics of PN Junction Diode

Volt-ampere (V-I) characteristics of a pn junction or semiconductor diode is the curve between voltage across the junction and the current through the circuit.

Normally the voltage is taken along the x-axis and current along y-axis.

The circuit connection for determining the V-I characteristics of a pn junction is shown in the figure below