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Compare the properties of para dia and ferromagnetic substances

Compare the properties of para dia and ferromagnetic substances

Grade:Upto college level

1 Answers

Apoorva Arora IIT Roorkee
askIITians Faculty 181 Points
9 years ago
Well, materials can be in ferro-, dia- or paramagnetic states.
Of these, only ferromagnets will carry a macroscopic magnetic moment.
Paramagnets have lots of microscopic (atomic) magnetic moments, but they are completely disordered, each moment only reacts to an external magnetic field.
Therefore the material is only magnetized in the presence of an external field.
Diamagnets are similar, only that the net magnetic moment per atom is zero, and the moments appear only in the presence of an external field.
Ferromagnets have lots of atomic magnetic moments like paramagnets. But unlike paramagnets, these moments interact with each other. They "talk to each other", aligning all in the same direction within a certain region (=domain). So each domain has magnetization. From one domain to another, they tend to be aligned in different directions, tominimize the magnetic field they generate (because that costs energy). But with an external field these domains can all be pulled into the same orientation.
Hard ferromagnets will then keep that orientation, whereas the domains in soft ferromagnets will re-align randomly when the external field is removed.
Thanks and Regards
Apoorva Arora
IIT Roorkee
askIITians Faculty

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