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Dear VArid,
One of the important aspects of CFT is that not all ligands are identical when it comes to causing a separation of the energy of the d-orbitals. For transition metal compounds, there is clear evidence for this from the multitude of colours available for a given metal ion when the ligands or stereochemistry are varied. For octahedral complexes this is a reflection of the energy difference between the higher dz2, dx2-y2 (eg subset) and the dxy, dyz, dxz (t2g subset).
It has been established that the ability of ligands to cause a large splitting of the energy between the orbitals is essentially independent of the metal ion and the SPECTROCHEMICAL SERIES is a list of ligands ranked in order of their ability to cause large orbital separations.
A shortened list includes:
When metal ions that have between 4 and 7 electrons in the d orbitals form octahedral compounds, two possible electron distributions can occur. These are referred to as either weak field - strong field or high spin - low spin configurations.
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