what is the difference between electric field due to a plane sheet of charge and near a charged conducting surface?why they are different?

Dear aditya,

Consider a thin long charged wire. Let the charge per unit length of the wire be l. To calculate the field at P we consider a Gaussian surface with wire as axis, radius r and length l as shown in the figure. This Gaussian surface that is, the cylinder is closed at each end by planes normal to the axis.

The electric lines of force are parallel to the end faces of the cylinder and hence the component of the field along the normal to the end faces is zero.

The field is radial everywhere and hence the electric flux crosses only through the curved surface of the cylinder.

If E is the electric field intensity at P, then the electric flux through the Gaussian surface is E x 2prl(2prl is the surface area of the curved part)

The charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface is ll

is directed radially outwards if q is positive and radially inwards if q is negative.

SI unit of l is C/m.

Field Due to a Uniformly Charged Infinite Sheet

Let s be the uniform surface charge density of an infinite plane sheet.

If x-axis is taken normal to the given plane then the electric field will not depend on y and z axes.

The Gaussian surface will be a parallelepiped of cross sectional area A. only the two faces 1 and 2 will contribute to the flux whereas the other two faces do not contribute to the total flux as the electric field lines are parallel to them.

Flux through the Gaussian surface = 2EA

(The factor 2 appears as the total flux is due to two faces of parallelepiped which are normal to electric field

SI unit of s is C/m²

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All the best.

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Sagar Singh

B.Tech, IIT Delh