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How does voltmeter measures potential difference
A voltmeter is connected in parallel with the circuit element across which potential difference is to be measured. It should have a very high resistance as not to alter the circuit resistance, and hence circuit current.
The galvanometer can measure voltages upto IGG. For larger potential differences, a suitable high resistance R (called multiplier) is connected in series.
The value of R is chosen according to the maximum voltage V that we want to measure. But the galvanometer by itself can only handle a voltage of IgG. The remaining potential difference (V - IgG) should be across the multiplier R. The current through it is Ig. Therefore, equating voltage drops, we get
V = Ig G + Ig
R
The resistance of the voltmeter (i.e., a galvanometer in series with a high resistance) is
RV = G + R
Since R is high, the multiplier increases the resistance of the voltmeter, and of course, extends the voltage range (from IgG to V).
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regards
Ramesh
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