although chlorine is an electron withdrawing group,yet it is ortho-,para- directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. why???????

chlorine has lone pair on it. thus this lone pair participates in the resonance in the benzene ring. through reso the elctrons are transferred to the ring and thus it increses the ring 's electron density at ortho and para positions , where an electrophile can attack easily.

thus acts as weak ortho para directing also.

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Dear aditya bharadwaj,

Halogens are o, p-directing because of mesomeric effect; one halogen p-orbital can conjugate to the ring, giving a contribution in which it bonds as =X+, with a negative charge in the o, p positions.

Hope this helped you dear...

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