WHAT IS POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEN POINT. IS IT MEANS POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE INCREASE ALONG WIRE 4 METRE TO 8 METRE. GIVE ME DETAIL AND DIAGRAM

Dear Rajan.

Charged particles exert forces on each other.  The electric field E = F/q produced by a charged particle at some position r in space is a measure of the force F the particle exerts on a test charge q, if we place the test charge at r.  The electric field E is a vector.  The electric field due to a charge distribution is the vector sum of the fields produced by the charges making up the distribution.  When we think about electricity in everyday life, we seldom think about the electric fields.  We are more familiar with the concepts of voltage, current, and power.

How is the voltage related to the electric field?

When a particle with charge q is placed in an external electric field E, (i.e. an electric field produced by other charges), then an electric force F = qE will act on it.  If this force is not balanced by other forces, then the particle will accelerate, and its kinetic energy will change.  The electric force will do positive work on the particle.  If the electric force is balanced by another external forceF_ext = -qE, and this external force moves the particle against the electric force, than the external force F_ext does positive work.  The work done is

W = òF_ext·dr = -qòE·dr.

The work done by the external force is equal to the change in the electrostatic potential energy of the particle in the external field.  The change in the potential energy of a charge q when being moved from point A to point B, is the work done by an external force in moving the charge.

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