Take Benzene and put it in presence of HNO3 in presence of H2SO4. H2SO4 will help in the formation of NO2+ ion from HNO3 (H2SO4 acts an an acid as well as a dehydrating agent) and then an electrophilic Substitution reaction will take place through an Sigma complex intermediate. Soon deproptonation occurs and nitro benzene is formed.
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