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What is exocytosis? Please give some breif explanation?

What is exocytosis? Please give some breif explanation?

Grade:12

5 Answers

Umakant biswal
5349 Points
7 years ago
@ joe
In exocytosis, materials are exported out of the cell via secretory vesicles. In this process, the Golgi complex packages macromolecules into transport vesicles that travel to and fuse with the plasma membrane. This fusion causes the vesicle to spill its contents out of the cell.
For example a few of the processes that use exocytosis are: secretion of proteins like enzymes, peptide hormones and antibodies from cells. turnover of plasma membrane. 
HOPE IT CLEARS YOUR DOUBT 
ALL THE BEST ..
 
Adarsh
733 Points
7 years ago
Exocytosis is simply passage of large molecular complexes out of cell. It is done through secretory vesicles. During this process the macromolecules are packaged into transport vesicles  by the golgi complex which fuse with the plasma membrane.Due to this fusion the contents of the vesicle are expelled from the cell.
 
Hope you got the answer.
Thanks. 
nath
122 Points
7 years ago
Hi ! Joe,
          Exocytosis is defined as the process by which the content of a cell vacuole released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrrane.
Exocytosis can be either be calcium dependent or calcium independent
 
 some of the example are:
                                     (1) secreted protein ; enzyme , protein
                                     (2)plasma membrane protein.
                                     (3)neurotransmitters from nerve cell.
Hope it’s help you,
ALL THE BEST !
dolly bhatia
54 Points
7 years ago
What is exocytosis?
Like a cell factory, cells make products. Some of these stay in the cell and others are exported. Cellular products are shipped out of the cell using a process called exocytosis.
Exocytosis is a process by which a cell transports secretory products through cytoplasm to plasma membrane. Secretory products are packaged into transport vesicles. Examples of cellular secretory products:
Secreted protein – enzymes, peptide hormones and antibodies
Neurotransmitters from nerve cells
Plasma membrane proteins
Antigens – pieces of bacteria which stimulate immune response.
Exocytosis can be either calcium-dependent or calcium-independent. In calcium-dependent exocytosis, an influx of calcium into the cell will stimulate secretion. This happens when a protein is only secreted when needed. Transport vesicles with their cargo will travel from golgi vesicle (protein-packaging organelles) to plasma membrane. The vesicle then docks at plasma membrane and waits for a secretion signal. This is also called regulated exocytosis as secretion from vesicles is controlled.
In contrast, calcium-dependent exocytosis occurs constantly. Just like with regulated secretion, transport vesicle and its cellular product will travel through cell to plasma membrane. Unlike regulated secretion, vesicle does not wait at plasma membrane. Instead, fusion with plasma membrane and secretion of vesicle contents into extracellular environment happens automatically. This constant flow of secretory product is also called constitutive exocytosis because secretion from vesicles is not controlled.
Exocytosis is the reverse of endocytosis. 
In 30 minutes, an active cell like a macrophage can endocytose an amount of plasmsa membrane equal to its complete plasma membrane.
The cell must have a mechanism to restore normal amount of plasma membrane. Exocytosis is that mechanism.
The process:
Membrane-enclosed vesicles move to cell surface where they fuse with plasma membrane. This accomplishes three things:
It restores normal amount of plasma membrane.
Any molecules dissolved in fluid contents of these vesicles are discharged into extracellular fluid – this is called secretion.
Example: various components of extracellular matrix are secreted by exocytosis.
Any integral membrane proteins exposed to interior surface of vesicles will now be displayed at cell surface because vesicles turn inside out as they fuse with plasma membrane. Thus, exocytosis does not simply replace plasma membrane but ensures that the plasma membrane will display its charcteristis cell-surface proteins.
Exocytic vesicles are created from several sources:
Some are simply endosomes traversing the cell.
Others are pinched off from endosomes before they fuse with lysosomes.
Others bud off from endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus taking their products to the surface of the cell.
Exocytosis of lysosomes supplies the membrane needed to repair wounds in the plasma membrane.
Some cells specialize in secretion. In cells which secrete large amounts of protein, for example, protein accumulates in specialized secretory granules formed by Golgi apparatus. These move to cell surface and discharge their contents to the outside.
Examples:
Exocrine cells in pancreas synthesize and secrete pancreatic digestive enzymes. Lumen where their apical surfaces meet leads to pancreatic duct draining into the small intestine. Spherical bodies contain precursors of digestive enzymes. One is discharging its content into lumen by exocytosis.
Cells lining our intestine synthesize tiny droplets of fat and discharge them into lacteals by exocytosis.
Kiss-and-Run
The process described above involves fusion of exocytotic vesicle with the plasma membrane.
 In some cells, like at synapses, a second type of exocytosis also takes place:
Vesicles make a brief contact at the plasma membrane
Release their contents to the exterior and
Then retreat back into the cytosol.
This ‘kiss-and-run’ version of exocytosis does not restore plasma membrane to the cell.
Exosomes:
A third type of exocytosis is found in some cells.
This involves endosomes themselves invaginating their membrane. As invaginations break off, they produce vesicles within vesicles, called multivesicular bodies.
When these fuse with cell’s plasma membrane, these tiny internal vesicles-called exosomes-are secreted.
Exosomes are produced in abundance by dendritic cells and B-cells and enhance their antigen-presenting function.
Aashu Mittal
85 Points
6 years ago
AIPMT 2016 Exam Pattern helps the applicants to understand the outline of the paper well which facilitate to prepare and plan in advance. The pattern specifies the duration of the paper, number of questions, marks allotted per subject, syllabus etc.

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