Explain the law of independent assortment with a suitable example.

Law of independent assortment is based on dihybrid cross. It states that inheritance of one character is always independent of the inheritance of other characters within the same individual. In other words, if the inheritance of more than one character is studied simultaneously, the factors or genes for each character assort out independently to the other gene or factor.

A good example of independent assortment is Mendelian dihybrid cross. The presence of new combinations - round green and wrinkled yellow, suggests that the genes for the shape of the seed and color of the seed are assorted independently.