Differentiate the following: a.stem and root b.culm and caudex c. Thorn and prickles d. Underground and aerial modification of stem e.strong and weak stems.

Stems do not have any shoot tip, rather the stems possess in a terminal bud, while Roots have root cap at the root tip. Stem hairs can be unicellular or multicellular, and are present all through the stems, though in roots, unicellular root hairs are present in the cluster, behind the root cap

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The difference between Culm and cudex is: 

Erect upright aerial stem may be branched or un-branched. The un-branched erect, stout cylindrical stem having scars and remnants of fallen leaves is called caudex. Such a jointed stem is called culm. In a few monocots with underground stems, aerial shoots develop only for bearing flowers.