arctic tundra are

1. highest latitudnal biome
2. located in rain shadow
3. characterised by capparis and prosopin species
4. highest altitudnal biome

The correct answer is 1.
Arctic tundra occurs in the far Northern Hemisphere, north of the taiga belt. The word "tundra" usually refers only to the areas where the subsoil is permafrost, or permanently frozen soil. Permafrost tundra includes vast areas of northern Russia and Canada. The polar tundra is home to several peoples who are mostly nomadic reindeer herders, such as the Nganasan and Nenets in the permafrost area.