Hello student,
The direction cosines of x-axis are (1, 0, 0)
Direction cosines of y-axis are (0, 1, 0)
Direction cosines of z-axis are (0, 0, 1).
And we know if l. m , n are the direction cosines of an axis, then l2+m2+n2 =1 i.e. the sum of squares of driection cosines of any line is always 1.
Hope this helps!