yours katarnak Suresh
Last Activity: 12 Years ago
Factorial Sums

The sum-of-factorials function is defined by
where
is the exponential integral,
(Sloane''s A091725),
is the En-function,
is the real part of
, and i is the imaginary number. The first few values are 1, 3, 9, 33, 153, 873, 5913, 46233, 409113, ... (Sloane''s A007489).
cannot be written as a hypergeometric term plus a constant (Petkovšek et al. 1996).
The related sum with index running from 0 instead of 1 is sometimes denoted
(not to be confused with the subfactorial) and known as the left factorial,
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The related sum with alternating terms is known as the alternating factorial,
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The sum
has a simple form, with the first few values being 1, 5, 23, 119, 719, 5039, ... (Sloane''s A033312).
Identities satisfied by sums of factorials include
(Sloane''s A001113, A068985, A070910, A091681, A073743, A049470, A073742, and A049469; Spanier and Oldham 1987), where
is a modified Bessel function of the first kind,
is a Bessel function of the first kind,
is the hyperbolic cosine,
is the cosine,
is the hyperbolic sine, and
is the sine.
The sum
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does not appear to have a simple closed form, but its values for
, 2, ... are 1, 5, 41, 617, 15017, 533417, 25935017, ... (Sloane''s A104344). It is prime for indices 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 18, 21, 42, 51, 91, 133, 177, 182, 310, 3175, 9566, ... (Sloane''s A100289). It is known that there can be only a finite number of such primes, but it is not known what the last term is.
Sums of factorial powers include
(Sloane''s A091682 and A091683) and, in general,
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Schroeppel and Gosper (1972) give the integral representation
![sum_(n=0)^infty((n!)^3)/((3n)!)=int_0^1[P(t)+Q(t)cos^(-1)R(t)]dt,](http://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/FactorialSums/NumberedEquation5.gif) |
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where
There are only four integers equal to the sum of the factorials of their digits. Such numbers are called factorions.
While no factorial greater than 1! is a square number, D. Hoey listed sums
of distinct factorials which give square numbers, and J. McCranie gave the one additional sum less than
:
and
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(Sloane''s A014597).
Sums with powers of an index in the numerator and products of factorials in the denominator can often be done analytically in terms of regularized hypergeometric functions
, for example
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