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What is set theory?
Set Theory
Basic Terminology
a) Set:
A set is a collection of well-defined objects. Each individual object is called an element of that set. For example- the days of the week form a set as D = { Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday } Tuesday is an element of the set D. We write it as Tuesday D However, we are interested in using sets for probabilities.
b) Experiment:
An experiment is defined as any sort of operation whose outcome cannot be predicted in advance with certainty, the sample space S for such an experiment is the set of all possible outcomes that might be observed. For example, rolling a six-sided dice is an experiment.
c) Event:
An event is defined as a subset of the sample space, which contains any element of a sample space.
d) Sample Space:
A sample space is the universal set pertinent to a given experiment. The sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.
e) Null Set:
It is a set containing no elements.
f) Universal Set:
It is the set containing everything in a given context.
g) Mutually Exclusive Sets or Disjoint Sets:
If there are no elements common to both sets under consideration, they are known as mutually exclusive sets or disjoint sets. For example, if A = { 1, 2 }, B = { 3, 4 }, then A B = NOTATIONS FOR A SET:
A set can be written in either form:
a) Roster Notation: To list all the elements of the set one by one. eg., A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
b) Builder Notation: It gives a rule to follow that will tell us how to build the roster. eg., A = { x 0 < x < 6, x is a whole number } OPERATIONS:
a) Union of sets:
The union of two sets, A and B, written as A U B, is the set that consists of all the elements that belong to A or B or both. For example- A = { 1, 2, 3, 5 } and B = { 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 }, then A U B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }.
b) Intersection of sets:
The intersection of two sets, A and B, written as A B is the set that consists of all elements that belong to both A and B. So for the above example, A B = { 1, 2 }.
c) Complement of a set:
Complement of a given set is the set containing all the elements in the universal set that are not the members of the given set.
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