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There are 2 formulas for escape vel,in what condition should we use the first formula and where should we use the second

There are 2 formulas for escape vel,in what condition should we use the first formula and where should we use the second

Grade:11

2 Answers

Saurabh Koranglekar
askIITians Faculty 10335 Points
5 years ago
Rajdeep
231 Points
5 years ago
HELLO THERE!
 
There are two formulas, that’s correct! But both are inter-related. Here I’m showing you how to derive the second formula from the first one.
 
We know, that Gravitational Potention Energy (U) = -\frac{GMm}{R}
where, M = mass of Earth, m = mass of the satellite (or escaping object), and R = Radius of Earth.
 
And, escape energy (E) = +\frac{GMm}{R}
 
Let the escape velocity of the satellite be v, then it’s Kinetic energy = \frac{1}{2}mv^{2}
 
Now, this Kinetic energy = Escape energy when the satellite is escaping.
 
So,
 
\frac{1}{2}mv^{2} = \frac{GMm}{R} \\\\or, v^{2} = \frac{2GM}{R} \\\\or, v = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}}….....(i)
 
This is the first formula.
 
Now, from the relation between G (Universal Gravitational Constant) and g (acceleration due to gravity), we know that:
g = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{R^{2}}}
 
Let’s modify the first formula that we have obtained (Equation 1):
We have,
v = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}} \\\\= \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R^{2}}\times R} \\\\= \sqrt{2gR}
 
So, these are the two formulas, and you need to use them according to the data given in the question. If only the radius of earth (or radius of the planet from which the object is escaping is given, then you can use the second formula). If the mass of the earth or the planet from which the object is leaving is given, the first formula can be used. G has a constant value.
 
HOPE MY ANSWER IS SATISFACTORY...
Thanks!

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