In the colloidal state, the particle size ranges:A. below 1 nmB. between 1 nm to 100 nmC. more than 100 nmD. none of the above

The correct answer is B. between 1 nm to 100 nm.

Explanation:
Colloids are mixtures where very small particles of one substance are evenly distributed within another substance. The size of the particles in a colloidal system typically ranges from:

1 nanometer (nm) to 100 nanometers (nm)
This size range is crucial because it determines the behavior of the colloidal particles, including their stability, interactions, and how they scatter light, which can lead to phenomena such as the Tyndall effect.

Here's a brief overview of the other options:

A. below 1 nm: Particles below this size are typically considered to be in the molecular or atomic range, often referred to as true solutions rather than colloids.

C. more than 100 nm: Particles larger than 100 nm are generally considered to be in the range of coarse suspensions or larger aggregates rather than colloids.

D. none of the above: Since option B is correct, this option is incorrect.

In summary, colloids are defined by their particle sizes, which are typically between 1 nm and 100 nm.