Class 7 Science – Chapter: Reproduction in Plants 

Q1. What is reproduction?

Answer:
Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce new individuals of their own kind. It ensures the continuation of species from one generation to the next.

Q2. What are the different types of reproduction in plants?

Answer:
There are two main types of reproduction in plants:

1. Asexual reproduction – A single parent produces new plants without the involvement of gametes.

   • Examples: budding, fragmentation, spore formation, vegetative propagation.

2. Sexual reproduction – Involves male and female gametes. Seeds are formed after fertilization.

   • Example: flowering plants.

Q3. Explain vegetative propagation with examples.

Answer:
Vegetative propagation is an asexual method where new plants grow from parts like roots, stems, or leaves.

• Examples:

  • Stem: Potato tuber, ginger.

  • Leaf: Bryophyllum (buds grow on leaf margins).

  • Root: Sweet potato, carrot.

Q4. What is budding? Give an example.

Answer:

• Budding is an asexual reproduction where a small bud develops on the parent body, grows, and then detaches to form a new organism.

• Example: Yeast reproduces by budding.

Q5. What is spore formation?

Answer:

• In spore formation, plants produce tiny single-celled structures called spores inside special sacs (sporangia).

• These spores grow into new plants under favorable conditions.

• Examples: Fungi (Rhizopus), ferns, mosses.

Q6. What is sexual reproduction in plants?

Answer:

• Sexual reproduction in plants involves the fusion of male gamete (pollen grain) and female gamete (egg cell) to form a zygote, which develops into a seed.

• It usually takes place in flowers, which are the reproductive parts of plants.

Q7. What are the parts of a flower involved in reproduction?

Answer:

• Male part (Stamen): Made of anther (produces pollen grains) and filament.

• Female part (Carpel/Pistil): Made of stigma (receives pollen), style, and ovary (contains ovules).

Q8. What is pollination? What are its types?

Answer:
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
Types of pollination:

1. Self-pollination: Pollen is transferred to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same plant.

2. Cross-pollination: Pollen is transferred to the stigma of a flower of a different plant of the same species.

Q9. How does fertilization take place in plants?

Answer:

• After pollination, a pollen grain germinates on the stigma.

• A pollen tube grows through the style and reaches the ovule in the ovary.

• The male gamete fuses with the female gamete (egg cell) to form a zygote.

• This process is called fertilization.

Q10. What happens after fertilization?

Answer:

• The zygote develops into an embryo.

• The ovule becomes a seed.

• The ovary develops into a fruit.

• The seed germinates under favorable conditions to form a new plant.

Q11. What is seed dispersal? Why is it important?

Answer:

• Seed dispersal is the spreading of seeds away from the parent plant.

• Importance:

  • Reduces competition for light, water, and nutrients.

  • Helps plants to colonize new areas.

• Agents of dispersal: Wind (cotton, dandelion), Water (coconut), Animals (mango, guava), Explosion (castor, balsam).