What are the differences between an amine, amide and imine?

Amine, amide, and imine are all types of organic compounds that contain nitrogen atoms. They differ in their structural arrangements and properties. Here's a breakdown of the key differences:

Amine:
Amines are organic compounds that contain a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms. They can be categorized into three main types based on the number of carbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom:
Primary amine: One carbon group is attached to the nitrogen.
Secondary amine: Two carbon groups are attached to the nitrogen.
Tertiary amine: Three carbon groups are attached to the nitrogen.
The general structure of an amine is R-NH2, R-NHR', or R-NR'R'', where R, R', and R'' represent alkyl or aryl groups.

Amide:
Amides are organic compounds derived from carboxylic acids. They are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group (-OH) of a carboxylic acid with an amino group (-NH2 or -NR2). The general structure of an amide is RCONH2 or RCONR'2, where R and R' represent alkyl or aryl groups.
Amides can be further classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary amides based on the substitution of the nitrogen atom:

Primary amide: The nitrogen is attached to one carbon group and two hydrogen atoms.
Secondary amide: The nitrogen is attached to two carbon groups.
Tertiary amide: The nitrogen is attached to three carbon groups.
Imine:
Imines are organic compounds that contain a nitrogen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom. They are formed by the reaction between an amine and a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone). The general structure of an imine is R2C=NR', where R and R' represent alkyl or aryl groups.
Key differences between amine, amide, and imine:

Amines have a nitrogen atom bonded to carbon atoms, while amides have a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl carbon and a carbon atom.
Imines have a nitrogen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom, resulting from the reaction between an amine and a carbonyl compound.
Amines and amides are directly related to the carboxylic acid functional group, whereas imines are formed through a reaction between amines and carbonyl compounds.
Amines and amides can have primary, secondary, or tertiary arrangements based on the number of carbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom, while imines are primarily characterized by the double bond between nitrogen and carbon.
Amines and amides typically have basic properties due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, while imines do not exhibit this property to the same extent.
In summary, amines, amides, and imines are all nitrogen-containing organic compounds with distinct structural features and properties.